Canadian Health Information Management Association Practice Exam

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood sugar levels?

1. a. insulin.

2. b. glucagon.

3. c. adrenaline.

4. d. cortisol.

The correct answer is: a. insulin.

The hormone primarily responsible for regulating blood sugar levels is insulin. Insulin is produced by the beta cells of the pancreas and plays a crucial role in maintaining glucose homeostasis in the body. When blood sugar levels rise after eating, insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose into cells, particularly in muscle and adipose tissue, allowing them to use glucose for energy or store it as glycogen for later use. This action effectively lowers blood glucose levels, preventing hyperglycemia. Additionally, insulin helps inhibit the production of glucose by the liver, further contributing to its role in blood sugar regulation. The coordinated actions of insulin ensure that the body maintains stable energy levels and metabolic balance. While glucagon, adrenaline, and cortisol also have effects on blood sugar levels, they do so in response to low blood sugar conditions or stress, rather than regulating blood sugar levels directly. Glucagon promotes the release of glucose stored in the liver when blood sugar levels are low, adrenaline increases glucose levels during stress or exercise by stimulating glucose release from the liver, and cortisol helps in mobilizing energy by promoting gluconeogenesis during prolonged stress. However, insulin is the key hormone for lowering blood sugar after meals, making it the primary regulator in this context.