Canadian Health Information Management Association Practice Exam

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What type of sampling involves selecting subjects at regular intervals over a time period?

Random sampling.
Systematic sampling.
Stratified sampling.
Cluster sampling.

The correct answer is: Systematic sampling.

Systematic sampling is characterized by the selection of subjects at regular intervals throughout a defined time period or sequence. This method begins with a random starting point and proceeds to select every nth individual from a list or a time frame. For example, if researchers decided to survey every 10th person on a list of patients recorded in a hospital, they would be using systematic sampling. This approach is beneficial because it ensures that the sample is spread out evenly over the population, which can help enhance the representativeness of the sample. While it introduces a structured method of selection, it may also inadvertently introduce bias if there is a pattern in the population that aligns with the interval chosen. In contrast to systematic sampling, other sampling methods have different frameworks for selection: random sampling relies on random selection without a set pattern, stratified sampling divides the population into subgroups and samples from each, and cluster sampling involves selecting entire groups or clusters rather than individuals. Each of these other methods serves different research purposes and has its own strengths and weaknesses, but systematic sampling specifically focuses on intervals, making it the correct choice for the description provided.